Cohesion

Cohesion is the way the parts of a piece of writing are linked so that it flows smoothly from one sentence and paragraph to the next. It is created through connectives, pronouns that refer back to earlier nouns, repeated key words, and phrases that signal how ideas relate, such as as a result or in contrast. Cohesion works at sentence and paragraph level.

It stitches the writing into a connected whole, not a list of separate statements. It helps a reader follow the thread of thought without effort.

In writing tasks, cohesion is assessed as part of organisation. Cohesive writing reads smoothly and guides the reader clearly. Disjointed writing feels like disconnected notes.

Using connectives and referencing accurately shows control that examiners reward. Cohesion works closely with coherence, and together they turn a set of points into a flowing, readable piece. That is a mark of mature writing at this level.

Linking two sentences with But this plan soon ran into trouble signals the contrast clearly. It carries the reader smoothly from one idea to the next.

Link your sentences and paragraphs with well-chosen connectives, pronouns and repeated key terms so the reader can follow how ideas relate. Avoid starting every sentence the same way or leaving jumps between points. In analysis, comment on how a writer uses cohesive devices to guide the reader.

In your own work, vary these links so the writing flows naturally.

You may also find writing formats and annotated model responses useful. Next, visit our skills guides for IGCSE English to see terms like this used in real answers. Our IGCSE English tuition page explains how lessons run. When you are ready, the paid one-hour trial is the first step.